Permanent-hair-waving machine



Aug. 23, 1938. G. RscH' PERMANENT HAIR WAVIING MACHINE Filed March 4, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet l {Ill/Illllnllve WAY Aug. 23, 1938. v G. RscH 2,127,784

PERMANENT HAIR WAVING MACHINE Filed March 4, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ELJETAV REEH Patented ug. 23, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT oFFicE 2,127,734 v PERMANENT-HAm-WAWNG MACHINE My invention has for its object to provide apparatus for permanently waving the hair mechanically by use of wave-Shapers and adjustable tighteners or clamps irnrnersible in a xing Il liquid contained in an open top vessel, the liquid having been heated before placement in the ves.. sel, or the vessel may be electrically heated in any suitable way. A` further object of the invention is to provide a liquid containing vessel with removable ends that have means to eiect liquid-tight closure when the vessel is in use.

Further, it is an object to provide a vessel,

" in which the hair is placed for waving, which will not permit the generationof pressure within (as in the case of closed vessels), thus avoiding the danger of explosion or of soalding the client by escaping steam. y

4 Further, it is an object to provide means to anchor the first wave-Shaper to the vessel, at the endnearest the roots of the hair, while the remainder of the wave-Shapers and their associated tighteners are arranged loosely along the I bottom of the vessel, thus allowing the hair to s hrink without putting undue strain on the hair.

Another object of the invention is to provide apparatus whereby it is possible to make waves and curls at the same time. v Qther objects of the invention will in part be obvious and in part be pointed out hereinafter.

To the attainment of the aforesaid objects and ends, the invention still further resides in the A novel details of construction, combination and "arrangement of parts, all of `which will be rst fully described in the following detailed description, and then be particularly pointed out in the appended claims, reference being had to the acp `companying drawings, in which: Fig. `1 ris a side elevation ofthe waving vessel.

Fi-g; 2 is atop plan view thereof, several waveshapers being shown, two of which have their associated clamps in place.

Fig. 31 is an enlarged side elevation of one of "the wave-Shapers and clamp assemblies.

Fig. 4 is `an enlarged vertical section on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3, both clamps being place.l

Fig. 5 is a detail view of a toggle clamp for v `securing the end walls or gates of the vessel in !"plac"e.v

Fig. 6 is a perspective View of a molding andV heating press. i

Fig. '7 is a central cross section of the press lshown in Fig. 6, an insulating clamp being sh'own' associated with the heating "press,

Fig. 8-is a detail perspective view of a curling pln.`

l Figi. 9 is ai perspective view of an insulating clamp.

Inthe drawings, in which like letters and numerals of reference indicate like parts in all the iigur'es,` and' referring particularly to Sheet 1 of the drawings, it will be seen that the waving vessel I is' composed ofa bottom 2, two integral sides 3 and two removable end walls or gates 4 and 5. The end -walls are grooved at I3 and the ends of the walls 3 and the bottom 2 are correspondingly. grooved as at I4 to receive between `them the rubber gaskets I5. In order toihold the end gates 4 and 5 in place so no fluid leakage will occur, each end gate has hooks .l which engage lugs 6 on the sides 3; each gate 4 and 5 also has side lugs 8 to be engaged by. links 9 which are pivoted at IIJ to levers I I, the levers in turn being pivoted at I2 to the sides 3` of the vessel and act as toggles (see Fig. 5). l

'I'he Yvessel is held horizontally by means of a bracket Il. secured on a hanger-rod I8 (the hanger-rod being rigid). The bracket is located atthe back end of the vessel. A drainage funnel I94is secured to the bracket I1 by a thumb screw 2l), and `the funnel has a cock 2I for the usual purpose.. .I

The vessel Imay 4be provided with a suitable electrical heating unit` at the bottom to heat the i'ixative fluid within the vessel, or the bottom I may be made without the heating unit 22 and the vessel may beheated by setting it on a stove, themanner .of heating the vessel I not being essentialto the present invention.

The V wave-Shaper` and clamp assembly each consists of a shaper. and` clamp device to hold the hair to the Shaper. Each shaper comprises a base 23, a web 24 and a top 25. Each clamp consists of apair of clamping plates 26 having flanges 21, the flange of one plate being spaced from the flange of the other plates by balls 28 the two plates being held assembled by pairs of springs 30. Each plate also has a finger engageable lever 29 located between the springs of a pair. The flanges 21 and levers 29 are not centered with respect to the length of the plates 26, but are arranged to one side of the center so that in use the clamps may beplaced with the lever of one clamp staggered with respect to those of adjacentclamps (see Fig. 2), thereby enabling the shaper-clarnpassembly unitsto be placed close together if' desired and'yet make it easy CII for the operator to manipulate the nger levers 29.

The sides 3 adjacent the front end of the vessei have grooves 3| to receive projections 33 from the ends of a rod, bar or rail 32 which holds the rst Shaper-clamp assembly immovable adjacent the lront end of the vessel l. The other Shaper-clamp assemblies remain loose in the Vessel l. (See Figs. 2 and 4.)

This apparatus is distinguished from those already known, in that the hair is not only damped, but also immersed in a xing-bath.

In permanent-waving apparatus in which the hair is damped only, the hair loses approximately i'orty to fifty per cent. of the thickness of the permanent wave: this does not happen with my present invention, in view of the fact that the hair is completely immersed in the ixative, and it can remain in it as long as may be desired.

The execution of permanent-waving in accordance with my present invention is also more economical, because, the iixing-liquid can be used again. Hair which is treated by my invention can be permanently waved in more or less one to four minutes, and for this reason it is not exposed to the heat for so long a time as with under No. 581,897, January 11, 1931.

other apparatus.

Another characteristic of my invention is that the liquid put into the vessel does not exceed a temperature of 100, which makes it impossible that the hair be damaged.

The true worth of the present invention consists in the fact that a lady who has had her hair permanently waved with my apparatus has no need to have it water-waved later on, with a consequent saving of both time and money.

In the American and French apparatus already known in the market, the length and depth of the waves produced are equal: on the other hand, with my apparatus, the length and depth of each vWave bear a relation of approximately 3 1; for

.means oi the adjustable wave-Shapers and hairtighteners any length and depth of waves can be obtained with my apparatus.

This invention of mine is based on my previous invention already patented by me in Germany The improvement of the present invention consists in the fact that the vessel is constructed without a cover, for which reason it does not produce any force of steam, whereas in my previous invention patented in Germany there was a continual danger of the vapour escaping to the head of the client, because the steam-escape was very small. In the present invention, the vessel has a minimum depth oi 5 centimeters. When making the permanent waves, the xing liquid in it only attains a height of one-and-a-half centimetres at the utmost, which makes it impossible that the xative can be upset or spilt, because the support maintains the vessel in a xed horizontal position,

thus freely permitting all movement.

Another improvement in this present invention is that the hair is introduced at the bottom of the vessel and by thev front, so that it is possible to make the waves much closer to the roots of the hair. Besides, in this apparatus the waveshapers and hair-tighteners are arranged loosely at the bottom of the vessel, so that the toothed supports of my invention No. 581,897 are no longer necessary. The improvement which I have just mentioned is based on the fact that, in producing a permanent wave, the hair shrinks, and for this reason it is necessary that the wave-Shapers should be loose, with the exception of the first, which is fixed to the vessel by means of the sliding rail 32.

Another improvement is with regard to the handles of the hair-tighteners, which are disposed lengthwise, thus facilitating their management.

I have arranged a receptacle I9 for liquid, Figs. l and 2, in the form of a funnel in the back part of the vessel, so that on opening the rear door 5, the liquid falls into it and can be drawn oil" by opening the corresponding tap 2|.

As one is dealing with a permanent hair-waving and hair-dressing machine which often requires the execution of waves and curls at the same time, I have found it necessary to have an addition which makes possible the making of curls and waves. This addition is composed of a device in the form of tongs 39-40 with a spring 42, which tongs compress the hair by means of two rectangular pieces 3Q grooved on three of their faces with different calibres (as at 35, 3G, 3l), in which, by means of heat and the fixing-liquid, permanent waves and curls can be obtained. These tighteners can be heated before applying them to the hair-either by gas or any other method of heating. The manner in which the rectangular pieces is arranged is of great importance, because they are disposed of in such a Way that they do not attain a greater heat than is necessary, as they can be touched by the hands without burning oneself. In addition to this, the rectangular pieces revolve in turn on the members 39.

In order to curl the hair, small tongs and rods of various sizes are used, according to the thickness of the hair. It is a well-known fact that hairdressers judge the degree of heat of their waving-tongs by putting them near to the face, and as it is possible to take the said rectangular pieces in the hand, one can employ the same procedure to gauge their heat. For this reason it is not necessary to have the heat-controller which is used in the majority of electrically-heated machines.

The special point of these curlers consists in that the heat is applied from greater to lesser, by which one effects an economy of time and achieves better results.

In this way one attains by means of this system, with only four or five sets of rectangular pieces 34, the same work in less time than is done by other machines which use thirty or forty tubes, because on applying the fifth set of rectangular pieces, the first has already produced its effect.

The chief value of these curlers consists in the fact that the rectangular pieces, 34, have a thickness sulcient to maintain the heat which produces the permanent curls.

When the units shown in Figs. 6 and '7 are in use they are suspended from a suitable overhead support by means of counter-balancing cables, a well known way of supporting permanent wave instruments.

They head of the client is kept insulated by means of an insulating press or clamp device such as is shown in Figs. 7 and 9 by reference to which it will be seen that two channeled plates 4B carry rubber sheets 49 ,havingeportionsz 50 thereof clamped in the channels. One plate 48 has holes 5l for bolts 5,3 to pass thro-ugh, while the other plate 48 has slots 52 to receive the bolts 5S, nuts 4'.' serving to clamp the rubber aprons 49 tightly to the hair adjacent the head, the aprons 49 then lying at `against the headbeneath the plates 48, as indicated in full lines, in Fig. '7. It should be understood that the insulating means shown in Fig. 9 is used with the vessel I also by clamping it beneath the vessel when the hair is in the vessel.

The pins or rods 44 on which the hair His wound for curling purposes are made in dilerent sizes. (diameters) to cooperate with the diierent grooves 35, 36, 31 ofthe members. 34. An end of the rod 44 is slit at45 so a. string 45 may be used to tie the hair thereto at the beginning or end of the curl (see Fig. 8).

In using the apparatus the hair is put in at the front of the vessel, between the rubbers and the front door, and is at once lodged upon the wave-Shapers, to which it is attached by means of the hair-tighteners, theshape of whichpermits the fixing-liquid to be all the time in contact with the hair.

What I claim is:

1. In apparatus of the class described, a vessel having a bottom and side walls fixed with relation to the bottom, and detachable end walls, means holding said end Walls in liquid-tight engagement with said bottom and side walls, in combination with a plurality of shaper and clamp assemblies locatable in the vessel crosswise betwee-n the side Walls thereof, said vessel having provisions to pass the hair into the vessel at the bottom at the iront end of the same. between the edge of the bottom and the adjacent end wall.

2. In apparatus of the class described, a vessel having a bottom and side walls, and detachableend walls, means holding said end walls in liquidtight engagement with said bottom and side walls iixed with relation to the bottom, in combination with a plurality of shaper and clamp assemblies locatable in. the vessel crosswise between the side walls thereof, said vessel having provisions to pass the hair into the vessel at the bottom at the front end of the same between the edge of the bottom and the adjacent end wall, means to support said vessel horizontally, and means at the rear of the vessel to receive the. liquid contents of the vessel when the rear end wall is detached.

3. In apparatus of the class described, a vessel having a. bottom and side walls, and detachable end walls, means holding said end walls in liquidtight engagement with said bottom and side Walls, in combination with a plurality of shaper and clamp assemblies locatable in the vessel crosswise between the side walls thereof, said vessel having provisions` to pass the hair into the Vessel at the bottom at the front end of the same between the edge of the bottom and the adjacent end wall, means to support said vessel horizontally, means at the rear of the vessel to receive the liquid contents of the vessel when the rear end wall is detached, said last named means comprising a funnel with an outlet cock, and means to secure said funnel to said means to support.

4. In apparatus of the class described, a'vessel having a bottom and side walls and end walls, rubber gaskets between said end walls and the adjacent ends of said bottom and side walls, one

end of said vessel being the front and the other being the rear of the vessel, means at the rear of the vessel for supporting it in a horizontal position, the vessel having provision to pass the hair to be treated into the vessel at the front between the gaskets of the end of the bottom and the adjacent end wall, and means to hold the end walls in place` with the gaskets providing a liquid-tight joint.

5. In apparatus of the class described, a vessel having'a bottom and side walls and end walls, rubber gaskets between said end walls and the adjacent ends of said bottom and side walls, one end of said vessel being the front and the other being the rear of the vessel, means at the rear of the vessel for supporting it in a horizontal position, the vessel having provision to pass the hair to be treated into the vessel at the front between the gaskets of the end of the bottom and the adjacent end wall, means to hold the end walls in place with the gaskets providing a liquid-tight joint, and a drainage funnel with an outlet cock mounted beneath the rear end of said vessel.

6. In apparatus of the class described, a vessel having a bottom and side Walls and end walls, rubber gaskets between said end walls and the adjacent ends of said bottom and side Walls, one end of said vessel being the front and the other being the rear of the vessel, means at the rear of the vessel for supporting it in a horizontal position, the vessel having provision to pass the hair to be treated into the vessel at the front between the end of the bottom and the adjacent end Wall, means to hold the end walls in place with the gaskets providing a liquid-tight joint, a set of Wave-Shaper and clamp assemblies located in said vessel set loosely on the bottom thereof, and means to hold the assembly nearest the front end of the vessel immovable when clamped to the hair.

7. In apparatus of the class described, a vessel having a bottom and side walls and end Walls, rubber gaskets between said end walls and the adjacent ends of said bottom and Side walls, one end of said vessel being the front and the other being the rear of the vessel, means at the rear of the vessel for supporting it in a horizontal position, the vessel having provision to pass the hair to be treated into the vessel at the front between the end of the bottom and the adjacent end wall, means to hold the end walls in place with the gaskets providing a liquid-tight joint, a drainage funnel with an outlet cock mounted beneath the rear end of said vessel, a set of waveshaper and clamp assemblies located in said vessel set loosely on the bottom thereof, and means to hold the assembly nearest the front end of the vessel immovable when clamped to the hair.

8. In apparatus of the class described, a Vessel having a bottom and side walls and end walls, rubber gaskets between said end Walls and the adjacent ends of said bottom and side walls, one end o-f said vessel being the front and the other being the rear of the vessel, means at the rear of the vessel for supporting it in a horizontal position, the vessel having provision to pass the hair to be treated into the vessel at the front between the end of the bottom and the adjacent end wall, means to hold the end walls in place with the gaskets providing a liquid-tight joint, a set of wave-Shaper and clamp assemblies located in said vessel set loosely on the bottom thereof, and means to hold the assembly nearest the front end of the vessel immovable when clamped to the hair, said holding means comprising a cross bar having projections to fit into vertical grooves in the sidewalls of the vessel.

9. In apparatus of the class described, a vessel having a bottom and side walls and end walls, rubber gaskets between said end walls and the adjacent ends of said bottom and Side walls, one end of said Vessel being the front and the other being the rear of the Vessel, means at the rear of the vessel for supporting it in a horizontal position, the Vessel having provision to pass the hair to be treated into the vessel at the front between the end of the bottom and the adjacent end Wall, means to hold the end walls in place with the gaskets providing a liquid-tight joint, a drainage funnel with an outlet cock mounted beneath the rear end of said vessel, a set of wave-Shaper and clamp assemblies located in said vessel set loosely on the bottom thereof, and means to hold the assembly nearest the front end of the Vessel immovable when clamped to the hair, said holding means comprising a cross bar having projections to fit into vertical grooves in the side walls of the vessel.

10. In apparatus of the class described, a vessel having a bottom and side walls and end walls, rubber gaskets between said end walls and the adjacent ends of said bottom and side walls, one end of said Vessel being the front and the other being the rear of the Vessel, means at the rear of the vessel for supporting it in a horizontal position, the vessel having provision to pass the hair to be treated into the vessel at the front between the end of the bottom and the adjacent end wall, and means to hold the end walls in place with the gaskets providing a liquid-tight joint, said side walls having Vertical grooves adjacent their front ends and a cross bar having portions to lie in said grooves for purposes described.

11. In apparatus of the class described, a vessel having a bottom and side walls, and detachable end walls, means holding said end walls in liquid-tight engagement with said bottom and side walls, in combination with a plurality of Shaper and clamp assemblies locatable in the vessel crosswise between the side walls thereof, said shaper and clamp assemblies including an element over which the hair is placed and a clamp to hold the hair thereto, in virtue of all of which the box may be placed close to the scalp with the hair entering from below between an end wall and the adjacent edge of the bottom.

GUsTAV RscH. 

